By vantal Progress in the application of mouse fixator model in tumor immunotherapyTo some extent, suture kit Our development has surpassed many peer businesses, but it has never stopped moving forward. https://pinnaclemedics.com/
Tumor treatment is difficult. The mortality rate is high. It is one of the main harmful factors to human health in the world. Tumor immunotherapy is a treatment method to eliminate tumors by activating the autoimmune system.
Because it is impossible to directly use the human body for drug research. The use of human cells and tissues for related research is restricted by ethics. Animal model has become an alternative choice for human biological research. Mouse fixator has the advantages of moderate size, simple operation, short reproductive cycle and similar characteristics to human genome and physiology. And there are corresponding mature gene modification technologies. Therefore, it has become a widely used animal model.
Although the mouse model research has made a lot of basic biological achievements. However, there are still limitations in human biological research, and different tumor microenvironment will lead to different anti-tumor immune responses. There are many differences in innate immunity between mice and humans.
White mouse fixing frame
The immune response characteristics and pathogenic process caused by some pathogens are only aimed at human cells. There is no cross reaction with the infectious pathogens of the mouse fixator. These factors limit the mouse model to become an effective tool for truly comprehensive and systematic study of human tumor immunotherapy. In recent years, the progress of gene editing technology and stem cell culture technology. Great progress has been made in the humanization technology of experimental animals.
1. Humanized mouse model
Humanized animal model refers to the transplantation of human cells, tissues and organs in vivo. Or animals carrying human functional genes. The former is also called chimera animal.
In the field of tumor immunotherapy. Non-obese diabetic mice are the commonly used fixators for humanized models at the tissue and cell level. It lacks functional T cells, B cells and natural killer cells, and is internationally recognized as a tool mouse with the highest degree of immunodeficiency and the most suitable for human cell transplantation. The commonly used mice of humanized animals at gene level are wild type, Bale/C mice or C57 mice. By means of transgene or homologous recombination, the target human gene is inserted into the animal genome and expressed in animals.
1.1 Humanized mouse model using immunodeficient mice
By transplanting human cells and tissues into immunodeficient mice, a humanized mouse model is established, which has the characteristics of relatively simple operation process, high efficiency and low cost.
Mouse mouth gag
Mouse models of human tumors are mainly divided into two types. One is to inoculate the human cell line into the fixed frame of immunodeficient mice, which is called the model of human tumor cell line xenotransplantation (CDX), such as transplanting human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PBMC) hematopoieticstemcell,HSC (HSC) from human umbilical cord blood and fetal liver, or mouse models of human bonemarrow, liver and thymus (BLT), etc. The other is to transplant tumor tissue blocks from patients into immunodeficient mice. It is called patient-derivedxenograft (PDX) model. XCD model and PDX model have been widely used in cancer-related research. Compared with XCD model, PDX model obtained by directly transplanting freshly obtained human tumor tissue into immunocompromised mice has the advantages of retaining the microenvironment of parental tumor growth. At present, there are usually four methods to establish XCD or PDX models by using the fixed framework of immunodeficient mice.